Ideal Male Behavior in European Medieval Culture Essay

Ideal Male Behavior in European Medieval Culture - Essay Example On his part the Cid stands out as an ideal representative of what is masculine. The events that follow serves to illustrate the ideal male behavior based on the medieval Spain culture through the Cid’s character is contrasted that of the Infantes. During this period, it is evident that men are supposed to be brave even when their lives are at risk. The youthful Infantes of Carrion are in a testing period of time during their stay with the Cid who had already proven himself as the hero through his exploits that brought a lot of success in battlefield and wealth. During the period, a man proved his worth in the battle field through heroic actions when called upon to protect the community. The Infantes of Carrion are called upon to prove their worth in two occasions, when the lion brakes free and when the moors attacked. Since the Cid had given his daughters to them, they were not only supposed to be brave during the times of attacks but to be loyal to the Cid through championing of his course whenever a chance arises (Third Cantar 144). The Infantes of Carrion are given the first opportunity to prove themselves worthy of marring the Cid’s daughters in the event when the lion escapes from it cage. This incidence was a good chance for the infantes of Carrion to be brave and protect their father in law but instead â€Å"great fear seized them in the middle of the hall. While Cid’s men prepared to defend their lord, Fernando Gonzalez crawled under the Cid’s couch while Diego Gonzalez ran out screaming that he will never see his home again and hid behind the wine press (Third Cantar 144). The Cid as the embodiment of what is masculine wakes up to find his loyal men surrounding his couch and moves to take control of the situation his brave approach makes the lion docile and he taken back to the cage. The way the people celebrates the Cid’s actions while at the same time jeering the Infantes of Carrions, shows that the medieval cultur e respected heroic behavior while they looked down upon cowardice. The ability to fight and be victorious in the battlefield is one of the most celebrated, masculine traits in the medieval culture. Fighting provided an opportunity for men to add and secure territorial control in addition to protecting their own and lord’s lives. Therefore, men were expected to be courageous, tough and aggressive which was necessary for them to exercise their skills in the use of weapons such as lance and swords. However, the Infantes of Carrion seeks to take advantage of other people’s heroic wins in the battle field to gain wealth seen from the way the take advantage of their relationship with the Cid. To shame the Infantes of Carrion, each of the Cid’s vassals recounts his part in the war while mocking the Infantes since they were not seen during the battle (Third Cantar 155). The period also took pride in a man‘s personal gains and contributions to society as opposed to the privileges with what one was born. The Infantes of Carrion thought that since they were from a royal lineage in Carrion, a marriage to the daughters of Cid was below them (Third Cantar 157). After the Infantes of Carrion beat the daughters of Cid and are taken to court, it is ruled that they were guilty and as punishment, they were to return the gifts and all the wealth that they were given by the Cid in addition to the nullification of their marriage with the daughters of Cid. King Alfonzo proves the Cid had acquired a higher social status when he gives consent for the daughters of

Christian virtues Essay Example for Free

Christian virtues Essay No general code of conduct covers both of them as if the kingdom of God had dawned before its time, Left-wing political idealists and just war theorists fail to distinguish these two hands of God and try to reconcile the tension between them, often at the expense of the state. They try to impose Christian virtues such as love and mercy upon the state but fail to recognize the depravity of our present lot and the need for the state to restrain its evils. Communism might have found its place in the early church with Ð ° people who were prepared to share all their possessions (Acts 2.43, 44; 4. 32), but this economic system does not work in the unregenerate world of laziness and selfishness. Pacifism might have served the church and its members well as Ð ° witness to divine grace and mercy, but the state would abdicate its responsibilities before God if it did not bear the sword and protect its citizens from criminals. It was Thomas Aquinas, not Augustine, who developed just war theory along the natural law tradition. Augustine did not discriminate clear, universal principles in order to declare Ð ° society or its wars just. He saw Ð ° distinct dichotomy between private behavior, which might refuse the use of the sword in self-defense, and the public right of the state to defend itself for the good of the community. Machiavelli agreed and spoke of two moralities subsisting side-by-side, the morality of the individual soul and the morality of the city. Some actions, while not virtuous from Ð ° private or Christian views, are still absolutely necessary if one wishes to defend the Republic. Protestant theologians tend to agree with this assessment. Emil Brunner did not believe that we could impose Ð ° version of absolute justice on Ð ° world darkened with sin. In the old Testament God did not impose Ð ° ban on divorce ‘because of the hardness of their hearts’, even if ‘it was not this way from the beginning’ and absolute justice would demand otherwise. Relative justice is all we can hope for in the realm of society and Ð ° world fallen from its original image. (Amit 2003 127) Reinhold Niebuhr rejected the possibility of doing well without causing some evil. In the real world, one must become tainted with its evil and fight force with force. So useful have terrorist attacks been to advancing the neocon agenda that hawks are intent on provoking more. As William Arkin wrote in the Los Angeles Times, Rumsfelds Defense Science Board recommended in 2002 the creation of Ð ° super secret â€Å"Proactive, Preemptive Operations Group (P2OG) to bring together CIA and military covert action, information warfare, intelligence, and cover and deception. Among other things, this body would launch secret operations aimed at `stimulating reactions among terrorists and states possessing weapons of mass destruction—that is, for instance, prodding terrorist cells into action and exposing themselves to `quick-response attacks by U. S. forces. Such tactics would `signal to harboring states that their sovereignty will be at risk. † (Amy 2004 38) Another argument can be made that Islamist extremism, however it arose, can be combated more effectively if Ð ° larger number of citizens have Ð ° stake in non-extremist, increasingly democratized political systems. More freedom should be created to foster enhanced political participation and human investment in Middle Eastern states. Ð  greater degree of participation may occur without the implementation of other requisites of democracy. If our definition of freedom is free elections, Ð ° free press, and labor unions—it is absent in Saudi Arabia. Supporters of the Kingdom point to other methods of creating balance and justice in society, whereby the royal family protects the citizens and defends their values in exchange for their loyalty. While this may smack of feudalism to the reader, such bargains were fulfilled in Islamic history through the Ottoman concept of the circle of equity; self-governance of religious minorities; and the recognition of local, tribal, and familial authorities. Todays Middle Eastern rulers are facing similar questions about the ways that democratization will alter earlier understandings of leadership or threaten its longevity. â€Å" (Sherifa 2005 28)

Pharmaceutical Marketing Ethics :: essays research papers

The discovery, development, manufacturing and marketing of medicines always involve questions of ethics. For example increasing pressure by governments to reduce healthcare expenditures potentially creates ethical issues for sales and marketing employees as they work to grow in the business. The healthcare industry is highly regulated and most pharmaceutical companies are committed to operating within the law. They have developed their own policies and guidance to ensure that all employees meet the highest ethical standards in their work. The Code of Conduct explains the standards that are expected from employees and is clearly communicated across each company. An Employee Guide to Business Conduct explains what the Code means in practice. Most pharmaceutical companies are committed to sales and marketing activities that are ethical, responsible, principled and patient focused. They conform to the high, ethical, medical and scientific standards that are set by governments and regulators. On top of the regulatory requirements of governments, they govern their sales and marketing activities through company policy, on Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotion Activity, and through industry and company marketing codes. Companies believe that it is important to work with governments to contribute to constructive debate on issues surrounding pharmaceuticals and healthcare. Where legal and appropriate they make political donations as part of this engagement. All of their interactions are governed by the Code of Conduct and appropriate Corporate Policies. Most have company wide auditing in place to fully investigate suspected breaches of their company standards and take appropriate disciplinary action, including dismissal where a ppropriate. Never in the history of pharmaceutical marketing have the challenges been so intense and the stakes so high. Threats to growth and profitability have turned up the heat on pharmaceutical marketing teams to do more with less. As a result, pharmaceutical marketers must attain a new level of sophistication and precision to improve performance and maximize return on investments. At the same time, pressure is mounting on all fronts to provide greater value to all customers-including patients, providers and payers.

Fracking: Water Quality and Hydraulic Fracturing

Our Future3 REFERENCE: www. epa. gov www. wikipedia. com Documentary: â€Å"GASLAND† Josh Fox 2010 Our Futurejoe cool OUR FUTURE Joe cool Intro. 105 ? Our Future1 Hydraulic fracturing is the propagation of fractures in a rock layer caused by the presence of a pressurized fluid. (wiki 2011). This occurs naturally in nature, but the Hydraulic fracturing that I will speak of in this paper is a process being used by gas companies nationwide. Fracking is currently regulated by the EPA under the clean water act of 2005 (EPA. ov). However, this only partially governs the methods of injecting fluids and the retrieval of such fluids into the earth. It does not govern the types of chemicals that are being allowed to be used, or how much fresh water is wasted (millions of gallons per â€Å"Frack job†) and it does not carry stiff enough penalties for spills or irreversible damage to community’s water supplies. For those of you, who are unfamiliar with this practice, allow me to paint a picture for you. Big gas corporations have researched and found giant fields of natural gas in a layer of rock eight thousand feet deep in the earth’s crust known as the Marcellus shale line, and it is in four different regions in the U. S. spread over thirty states. Historically gas companies would drill for their gas, but in recent history have developed a process of Hydraulic Fracturing which at one job can use one million gallons of fresh water, and over nine hundred chemicals, to include Benzene and various heavy metals (Gasland). Once this mixture is forced ight thousand feet into the earth’s crust it destroys the shale and releases the natural gas. It is a fact that the companies can only recover forty percent of the fluid that is sent into the below. The rest is absorbed by the porous Marcellus shale. It is now being learned that this process is destroying ecosystems and making fresh water tables completely unusable. I don’t know where any of you live and I don’t k now whether you like where you live. But try and imagine if tomorrow you found out that twenty miles away there was a frack site, and the people of your community began getting sick. What would you do? Who would you look to for help? The Our Future2 government is of no use because there are no safeguards in place. What do you do? The only thing you can do is run, but I ask you fellow scholars, what happens when there is nowhere else to run? It is a fact that in Wyoming they are finding contamination in water tables as far away from fracking as forty miles. You tube videos of people igniting their tap water are numbered in the hundreds. These gas companies are poisoning our environment and destroying people’s entire way of life just to make money. Now most of us on some level are concerned about the environment, you don’t have to live in a tree and only eat organic fruits and vegetables to care about the future of earth. You just have to open your eyes and become comfortable to the fact that big corporations dictate government. These people live to make money, at all costs. Through my research on this paper I learned that in the same mountain range that a windmill project is being utilized there is also fracking going on. It is a humbling experience to stand under a windmill and see a frack site. The reason green energy is not being explored further? There’s no money in it.

High Resolution Periodic Tables

You know how you can grow bored with the background on your desktop or mobile device? The periodic table wallpaper on your computer or phone is due for a refresh! Here are vibrant periodic table wallpapers for you, plus a printable periodic table with the same color scheme. These are high resolution images, created with an aspect ratio that resizes well. To download them, just click the link and save the image to your device. The element weights are the latest approved by the IUPAC, although in cases where the IUPAC has a range of weights, the latest accepted single value is listed. Periodic Table Wallpaper  - This HD table is available on a white or black background or even on t-shirts and notebooks.More printable periodic tables and wallpapers are also available, including data for all 118 chemical elements. Different color scheme and specialty tables (electron configuration, oxidation state, element abundance) are also provided.

The Death Penalty Two Wrongs Dont Make a Right Essay

â€Å"To take a life when a life has been lost is revenge, not justice,† stated Desmond Tutu. In 2011, studies found out that in the state of California, they’ve spent over four billion dollars on capital punishments since 1978. Trials that can result in the death penalty are 20 times more expensive on tax payers than those that can’t. The death penalty should be abolished world-wide. There are plenty of reasons that the death penalty should be outlawed. Cost, wrongful convictions and executions of innocent people, and the suffering of the accused are the main reasons (EJUSA, n.d.). To begin, most people do not realize that carrying out one death penalty costs roughly 20 times more than keeping that same criminal in prison for their life. The†¦show more content†¦But this time the digital footprints were found too late and the suspect has already been set free. Are police paying enough attention to browser breadcrumbs?† During the trial, investigators found other Google searches on Casey’s computer which included chloroform, chest trauma, internal bleeding, how to make chloroform, and neck breaking. Maybe if this evidence wasn’t missed, Casey wouldn’t have been acquitted. Although there are many different types of execution, they are all questionable in terms of humanity. â€Å"Execution by lethal injection is the most common method used to put condemned inmates to death today,† (Charlene Hall.) During a lethal injection, the inmate is put on a gurney and have their ankles and wrists restrained. Then, an IV is placed in both arms. When the warden signals, a large dose of sodium thiopental (anesthetic) is given which causes unconsciousness. After that, pancuronium bromide (muscle-relaxer) is injected and it paralyzes the lungs and diaphragm. When this is performed, the inmate’s respiratory system slows down. Last, potassium chloride is introduced, which causes cardiac arrest. In some cases, the executioner has a hard time finding a vein. In a certain case, a man named Stephen McCoy went through great pain. He lurched forward, pulling the gurney up with him, said Karen Zellars, it was so violent that a news reporter behind me passed out cold on the floor. Dr. Edward Brunner from Northwestern University MedicalShow MoreRelatedWhen It Comes To The Death Penalty. Many People Around1522 Words   |  7 Pages  When it comes to the death penalty. Many people around the U.S. agree to have it, as to some don’t want the death penalty in some states. As will explain the difference of having the death penalty as to the good side and bad sides of the death penalty. The first information that I found is about the percentage of the inmates that are in death row. The first is the African americans that have 43.5%, as to 27 inmates. Next up is the latino’s as they have 11.3%   and they have 7 inmates. Whites haveRead MoreDeath Penalty Is The Last Legal Resource Of Justice1472 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivating factor . This essay will explore the most credible and valid arguments that justify death penalty as the last legal resource of justice. When I write about something, I am really writing about my point of view. Then, I need to start this essay writing about who criminal really deserve death penalty. For me, death penalty is the last resource of justice, just applicable when criminals: - don’t have regrets - have the tendency to repeat the crime - the criminal act is so inhuman that destroyRead MoreCapital Punishment: Is It Right or Wrong?883 Words   |  4 PagesAt first thought it may seem that capital punishment is the right thing to do. But what most people don’t realize is that it is injustice and wrong. Capital punishment has been around since the middle ages and is used today to kill people who commit crimes it varies from state to state but one of the main crimes to receive the death penalty is murder. Also the U.S.A. has used capital punishment from it’s beginning it started with hanging and it’s changed over the years there have been many differentRead MoreAn Ethical Analysis Of Against Capital Punishment1392 Words   |  6 Pagescompares and contrasts the two different ethical perspectives for and against Capital Punishment. Capital Punishment is a very sensitive subject because it touches on many important topics such as justice, costs, humaneness and religion. People have different perspe ctives on these topics so it’s hard for everyone to agree on what we think the right thing is. Justice Most people that are for Capital Punishment believe that â€Å"Justice is better served† when the offender is put to death (Messerli, 2011). HoweverRead More Death Penalty Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesDeath Penalty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When turning on the television, radio, or simply opening the local newspaper, people are bombarded with news of arrests, murders, homicides, and other such tragedies. I believe murder, including the death penalty, is the worst thing that anyone could do. Since Hammurabi first introduced the notion of â€Å"An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†, people have been arguing over whether this is just punishment. Those in favor of the death penalty argue that people should pay for theRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is an Outdated Form of Punishment1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death Penalty is an Outdated Form of Punishment The protective authority is becoming cleverer to stopping crimes and is still increasing for the past years. With the punishment of the death penalty crimes have not been decreasing. In fact the crime in the United States are 5 times more than Australia and Britain. The death penalty is an outdated form of punishment and should be abolished because it is cruel and unusual. With the death penalty enacted criminals have been killed for their crimesRead MoreCapital Punishment Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesfacts about the death penalty. I intend to explore the question whether capital punishment should be reintroduced. To illustrate my viewpoints on the subject, I will be using a lot of facts about countries that still have this punishment, also some bad and good reasons why we should or shouldnt have it. In some ways I believe in capital punishment for people who have done wrong and know what they are doing. However also I dont think the death penalty should be usedRead MoreCapital Punishment Essay example710 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment Lets keep society safe and give murderers what they deserve - the death penalty. In this essay I will hope to set out both sides of the argument, for and against Capital Punishment. The advantages and the disadvantages will be considered in conjunction with Christian teachings and belief. The Christian teachings, Old Testament and New Testament will also be compared with human reactions to the subject. From my research and analysis inRead MoreDeath Penalty in the US776 Words   |  3 Pagesbetter options than just prison. There are so many pro’s as to why we as a country need the death penalty. One of those reasons are, it provides closure for the victims, and or family members. The death penalty ensures families, and surviving victims that the murderer will be not be able to strike again. For example, a surviving victim will never feel closure unless the murderer himself is put to death. Meanwhile, the less fortunate ones who were murdered, raped, kidnapped, and etc. will never findRead More Capital Punishment In The United States Essay examples1586 Words   |  7 PagesDefenders of the death penalty often claim that the execution of criminals will teach others not to do bad, initially decreasing crime rates. Unfortunately, statistics prove that thought to be wrong. Capital punishment also has great flaws. For example, many innocent people have been put to death because of capital punishment. There also is no consistency. Two of the same crimes can be convicted in two different states and the consequences with be different for both offenders. The death penalty shows to

John Locke And Thomas Hobbes - 1287 Words

In every civilization, there should be a set way of life and guidelines to follow. There should also be a ruler or someone in charge. The ruler should follow a specific way or procedure in order to rule. There should also be rules that the people under the ruler need to obey. The governing body of a nation, state, or community is classified as a government. In order to run a proper political system, one must know how to balance and consider the nature of humankind and their rights. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were both political philosophers who developed theories about how the government should work. They set up their theories around The Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. Although John Locke and Thomas Hobbes had a similar goal, their beliefs and opinions were definitely not the same. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both believed in the Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. They both developed and worked their theories and philosophies around Saint Thomas Aquinas definition of the Natural Law. Natural Law are basically a system of laws that people are guaranteed. Natural laws include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness or property. The Social Contract Theory is the view that persons moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. Even though both philosophers believed in these two theories they had different views and interpretations. John Locke has a very organized andShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes886 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and defini tions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke911 Words   |  4 Pagessocial contract theory, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke established many of the founding ideals that contemporary Liberalism is based on. While the shared many similar positions, there are some key distinctions to be made between the arguments Hobbes and Locke make in Leviathan and Second Treatise of Civil Government, respectively. In this paper I will argue the differences between how each of them viewed the right of the subjects to revolt from the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes published his most famousRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesEifling-Question 4 Hobbes and Locke During and after the English Revolution, a few philosophers expressed different views on their philosophical outlook and life experiences. Some of the most outstanding thinkers include Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. They had opposing views on governance matters, but the two, also, had striking similarities. In addition, the two represented an increasingly modernized European population that despised absolute kingship. Both Hobbes and Locke proposed a conceptionRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1346 Words   |  6 PagesContracts Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English political philosophers, who have had a lasting impact on modern political science. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both spent much of their lives attempting to identify the best form of government. Locke and Hobbes were among the most prominent of theorists when it came to social contract and human rights. A Social Contract is an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, are the twoRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1494 Words   |  6 Pages1) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke share the basic assumption that a theory based off of abstract individualism, consent, sovereignty and reason will produce a peaceful and productive society. This theory is the liberal political theory, which is the philosophy of individual rights and a limited government. Both Hobbes and Locke both center the majority of their ideas off of how people’s lives should be based off of nature rights instead of natural law. This being said, people are also subject to theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke928 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is no formed society, government, laws, safety, etc. both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke take this into perspective while introducing a political view. As illustrated by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, they proposed political views on how human nature can prosper. Initially, Thomas Hobbes introduces a concept on the state of nature and its effects as well as how peace can be achieved. In Leviathan, Hobbes defines what living in a state of nature would be like and theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke888 Words   |  4 Pagesare very similar but diverge in the moments that solidify their stance on their opinion. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke is both political scientist who have made strides in the area of social contracts and share being natural law theorist also. Locke and all other natural law theorists assumed that man was by nature a social animal and there fore struck contracts with each other to secure safety among them. Hobbes assumed differently, thus his verdicts are very different from other natural law theoristsRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1426 Words   |  6 PagesBy the second half of the 17th Century, England would experience one of the bloodiest conflicts in its history, ultimately serving to influence some of the mo st phenomenal political philosophers in Europe --Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. England was in constant unrest, choosing new forms of government almost on a whim in desperate attempts to restore order in the Country. The English Civil War in 1642 etched a legacy of dread in the people of England, and the war only appeared more disastrous andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority. The following pages show how modern social contract theory especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. Modern social contract theory can trace its roots to prominent thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It is their thoughts on social contracts that lie at the center of the many spheres we are a part of. For Hobbes and Locke, social contract theory sought to analyze the relationship between rulers and the ruledRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1361 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English thinkers in the seventeenth-century who s ideas became a key to the Enlightenment. Baron de Montesquieu and Voltaire were philosophers who applied the methods of science to understand and improve society. Thomas Hobbes believed in a powerful government. He believed people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish, and if they were not strictly controlled they would commit crimes and abuse one another. He believed that life with no government would be